Plate tectonics is a major concept that explains the movement of the earths crust, and is linked to topics such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and the rock cycle. Huge nonvolcanic mountain ranges form, such as the himalayas. Transforming boundries transforming boundaries are two plates that slide right next to each other. Plate tectonics and earthquake hazards hazardous earth kusky, timothy on. It will gauge how much knowledge you really have about tectonic plates, tectonic processes and expand your knowledge.
Some sources continue to show the indian and australian plates featured here as a single indoaustralian plate. Plate tectonics coloring sheet earth history and ap. Find the top 100 most popular items in amazon books best sellers. Which types of plates will cause the most and worst destruction and why. Over half of the worlds volcanoes and earthquakes occur along the pacific ring of fire. What are the different types of plate tectonic boundaries. By the 1960s science accepted a theory of plate tectonics where the solid plates of a socalled lithosphere be they continents or ocean floor effectively float on a socalled asthenosphere, of underlying rock that is under such high pressure and high temperature. In the theory of plate tectonics, a boundary between two or more plates. Japan is located at the junction of 4 tectonic plates the pacific, philippine. In large subduction zone earthquakes, the closest gps. The japan sea has a complex bathymetry and heterogeneous crustal structures e.
Tectonic plate boundaries activity and worksheetin this activity, students must use their knowledge and understanding of plate tectonics and identify and label each of the correct tectonic plate boundaries. These types of boundaries must be plotted on a map showing their approximate locations. Copying is illega except for classroom use by teachers with a purchased copy of this book. Examine these images of damage caused by earthquakes. The lithosphere is divided into plates, some of which are very large and can be entire continents. Plate boundaries and natural hazards the editors of a new book on tectonics discuss the origins of the science and its importance in a new millennium. Investigation of pangea concept covered in activity. The median tectonic line mtl is a lateral fault located in the plate boundary margin. The magnitude 9 tohoku earthquake slipped a record 50m along a plate boundary fault comprised of extraordinarily weak smectiterich pelagic clay chester et al. Examples include thealeutians, the kuriles, japan, and the philippines. Also, the figure shows the distribution of the geomagnetic stations as well as the epicenter. What marine recruits go through in boot camp earning the title making marines on parris island duration.
The tectonic plates are constantly moving around the planet, but very slowly. The areas where these plates collide often have increased volcanic and earthquake activity. The reason why japan has so many earthquakes is because the country is located on a fault line. Volcanotectonic interactions during rapid plateboundary evolution. As is well known, the oblique subduction of a plate forms a strike. The plate tectonic boundaries and the tectonic elements around japan. Plate tectonics, earthquakes and volcanoes are closely related. Compare and contrast oceanic and continental plates. For example, just east of japan, the pacific plate is diving beneath the plate japan rests upon, and japan is slowly moving closer to the u. The lithosphere is divided into plates, some of which are very large and can be entire continents heat from the mantle is the source of energy driving plate tectonics. The main tectonic plates boundaries and boundary types the theory of plate tectonics or continental drift was not accepted for many years largely due to there not being any credible explanation available of a driving force that would be necessary for powering the movement of land masses that were continental in scale and which could only be thought of as being of truly immense weight. Observe how the concepts of plate tectonics and the specific locations and types of plate boundary interactions explains much of the largescale topography of the earth eg the himalaya, the red sea, the andes. Middle school earth science 6 th grade length of lesson. The pacific plate is diving beneath the island of japan, and the epicenter was located off of the east coast.
Exactly how this works is still a matter of debate. Japan s largest historic eruption was at towada in 915 ad. These zones tend to be where compressional stresses are active and this results in thrust or reverse faults being common. Tectonic boundary definition of tectonic boundary by the. Plate tectonics simple english wikipedia, the free. Northern japan is largely on top of the western tip of the north american.
A tectonic plate is a massive plate that consist of solid rock. The southern edge of the caribbean plate, passing through northern south america, is an example. As the overlying plate lifts up, it also forms mountain ranges. In this investigation, youll explore the relationship between earthquakes and plate tectonic boundaries. In rich countries medcs like japan planners attempt to reduce the impact of earthquakes by. The core the center the center part of the earth made of nickel and iron. Japan is located on the philippine plate, the eurasian plate, and the pacific plate. Another example of the interaction of plates that cause earthquakes is a convergent margin or when two plates collide with each other such as the case between the indian plate and asian plate to form the himalayas. Estimating plate boundary slip during large earthquakes. This coloring sheets is not intended to be at an ap level so it could be used for many different levels. The boundary between okhotsk plate and amurian plate might be responsible for many. Subduction occurs when one plate an oceanic plate slides under another plate either another oceanic plate or a continental plate. The boundary regions between plates are aptly called plate boundaries.
During an earthquake, the largest displacement of the surface of the earth generally happens above the epicenter, and decreases with distance away. Collision occurs when two continental plates collide. The book presents guidelines to visiting 42 different volcanoes around the. The earthquake occurred 250 miles off the north east coast of japans main island honshu. Convergent boundaries also called transform faults convergent boundaries are the place where two tectonic plates converge i. These images show the locations of the plates and their boundaries in the earths crust. The border between two tectonic plates is called a boundary, 2014. Examples include deep ocean trenches like the peruchile trench, where the nazca plate an oceanic plate is being subducted under the south american continental plate, i. On land divergent boundaries within continents initially produce rifts, which produce rift valleys. These both result from japan being wedged among four major tectonic plates.
Any use of this map can be made as long as you credit me eric gaba wikimedia commons user. The movement of the tectonic plates creates three types of boundaries. The earths lithosphere, which includes the crust and upper mantle, is made up of a series of pieces, or tectonic plates, that move slowly over time. The outer core is fluid and the inner core is solid. Earthquake tectonic plates, boundaries, oceanic plates and. Observations show that most earthquakes are associated with tectonic plate boundaries. Feb 28, 2012 animated representations of the different types of tectonic plate boundaries.
Plate tectonics earthquakes discovering geology british. Interactions of tectonic plates are believed to be the. Distinguish between the different ways that earths plate boundaries move. Plate tectonics middle school earth system unit plan. Japan sits on or near the boundary of four tectonic plates. The formation of the median tectonic line of southwest japan may also be a result of the ridge submergence. Tectonic plates and plate boundaries earthquakes at a plate.
The earths lithosphere, which includes the crust and upper mantle, is made up of a series of. Sting as the author and distribute the copies and derivative works under the same licenses that the ones stated below. Because of this, plate boundaries are classified into 3 main categories. Brian lazos plate tectonics project plate tectonics tectonic plates plates sectioned of earths crust and mantle that move across the earth as stated. List of tectonic plate interactions news newspapers books scholar jstor january 2016. This geometry is shown on the tectonic map of the circum. Surprisingly an earthquake happens every few days in japan. The tectonic plates move towards, away or past each other at plate boundaries. Divergent boundaries can form within continents but will eventually open up and become ocean basins. Japan leads the worlds volcanic regions with 1,274 dated eruptions and 94 volcanoes with dated eruptions. Japans stretch of the ring of fire is where the north american, pacific, eurasian and philippine plates come together. For example, the african plate and the south american plate are gliding past each other.
The japan sea is one of the marginal seas in the northwest pacific, and it formed as a backarc basin due to the subduction of the pacific plate beneath the japanese island arc nishizawa and asada, 1999. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The plate boundary fault of the 2011 tohoku earthquake. Plate boundaries can move over time midoceanic ridge crests can migrate toward or away from subduction zones or abruptly jump to new positions convergent boundaries can migrate if subduction angle steepens or overlying plate has a trenchward motion of its own transform boundaries can shift as slivers of plate shear off. The okhotsk plate is a minor tectonic plate covering the sea of okhotsk, the kamchatka. The second important tectonic setting where many volcanoes occur is along or. Japan has more measurable earthquakes than any other country and has over 100 active volcanoes.
This mini lesson provides an example of how stratigraphy influences tectonics, and vice versa. Which plates will cause the most destruction and why. The japan trench is an oceanic trench part of the pacific ring of fire off northeast japan. A global set of present plate boundaries on the earth is presented in digital form. The locations of mountains and other geological formations can be attributed to plate tectonics. What is the connection between earthquakes and tectonic. This is a destructive plate margin running around the rim of the pacific ocean. The earthquake occurred 250 miles off the north east coast of japan s main island honshu. Iceland tectonic plates is a bridge between continents on. The present location of the tectonic boundary and the convergence rate between the amur and okhotsk plates in northern hokkaido, japan. Convergent boundaries are formed when plates move toward each other.
Earth science plate tectonics, earthquakes, and volcanoes test. This type of plate margin is known as a destructive. Plate tectonics also affects people living near plate boundaries. In plate tectonic theory, the lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates, which undergo some large scale motions. Measuring displacement during an earthquake, the largest displacement of the surface of the earth generally happens above the epicenter, and decreases with distance away. The design of critical facilities has to be properly address, seismicity of malaysia is closed to two the most seismically active plate boundaries, in the interplate boundary between the indoaustralian and eurasian plates on the west and the interplate boundary between the eurasian and philippines. Plate boundaries definition of plate boundaries by medical. Iceland tectonic plates is a bridge between continents on the. The original data has been parsed, cleaned and verified using arcgis 10.
This is a conversion of the dataset originally published in the paper an updated digital model of plate boundaries in 2003. Start studying earth science plate tectonics, earthquakes, and volcanoes test. Jun 18, 2014 this subduction zone interaction is the reason for large earthquakes that occur in japan. The dashed line denotes the amurokhotsk plate boundary. Plate tectonics information and facts national geographic. These boundaries tend to produce most of the earthquakes that have magnitudes greater than 6. Animated representations of the different types of tectonic plate boundaries. Explore the scientific theory of plate tectonics by describing how the movement of earths crustal plates causes both slow and rapid changes in earths surface, including volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and mountain building. Sections of the crust, called plates, push against each other due to forces from the molten interior of the earth. Plate tectonics and earthquake hazards hazardous earth. The plates can be moving toward each other at convergent plate boundaries, away from each other at divergent plate boundaries, or past each other at transform faults.
According to morgan, the pacific plate changed its movement direction in middle cenozoic time. I made this coloring sheet to help my ap environmental science students visualize plate tectonics and the role the structure of the earth plays on the shifting of plates. In fact because of the behavior of earthquakes and volcanoes the core of the theory of plate tectonics has been proved. The design of critical facilities has to be properly address, seismicity of malaysia is closed to two the most seismically active plate boundaries, in the inter plate boundary between the indoaustralian and eurasian plates on the west and the inter plate boundary between the eurasian and philippines. This is one component of the seismogenic zone experiment mini lessons. Sep 05, 2017 for all geology and geography lovers who have vast interest in tectonic plates, try out this quiz. The continents are stuck on tectonic plates and move along with them. The three types of plate boundaries are divergent, convergent, and transform. The solid lines show the plate boundaries, while the dashed line indicates the estimated border of the amur plate. The book presents guidelines to visiting 42 different volcanoes around the world.
Tephrochronology is commonly used in japan and allows for a more detailed and balanced view of volcanic activity over the last 10,000 years. The theory of plate tectonics states that are moved by and interact at three types of plate boundaries by of subduction island arc by of andreas fault oceanic. Plate boundaries definition of plate boundaries by. The theory of plate tectonics can be used to provide a simplified explanation of the global distribution of earthquakes, while some of the characteristics of earthquakes can be explained by using a simple elastic rebound theory.
Many earthquakes occur at plate boundaries, caused by the movement of the two plates. Inconsistent structure and motion of the eastern median tectonic. An updated digital model of plate boundaries bird 2003. The pacific plate, which is an oceanic plate, subducts sinks under the eurasian plate, which is a continental plate, to the east of japan. Estimation of convergence boundary location and velocity between. Another is the boundary between the north american plate and the eurasian plate. Plate tectonics simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Japans largest historic eruption was at towada in 915 ad.
Sep 10, 2009 in plate tectonic theory, the lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates, which undergo some large scale motions. A message with a reply address would also be greatly appreciated. Tectonic plate boundaries activity and worksheet plate. Some plates are moving towards each other, some away from each other or sometimes past each other. Earthquakes and volcanoes occur along plate boundaries. These massive slabs of earths crust are endlessly creeping, slipping. Earthquakes and volcanoes also allow geoscientists to indirectly study the interior of the earth. A tectonic plate floats loose from other tectonic plates but comes close to them and interacts with them where their edges meet, like underneath iceland.
Seismic imaging of the amurokhotsk plate boundary zone in. Under the sea the most active divergent plate boundaries are between oceanic plates and are often called midoceanic ridges. Tectonic plate interactions are of three different basic types. The portion of the southwest japan plate boundary adjacent to the philippine sea plate was. The goal of this activity is to investigate global topographic and tectonic features, especially the tectonic plates and their boundaries. Japan is located on the eastern edge of the eurasian plate. The dataset presents tectonic plates and their boundaries. This image shows the three main types of plate boundaries. The bottom of the trench is nearly 7 miles below the surface. It links the kurilkamchatka trench to the north and the izuogasawara trench to its south with a length of 800 kilometres 500 mi. This subduction zone interaction is the reason for large earthquakes that occur in japan. Structure of the earth tectonic plates plate margins earthquakevolcano distribution. After doing so, students are expected explain, in sentence form, what processes are occurri. Youll evaluate cities across the globe to identify those that might be susceptible to earthquakes.
Convergent, divergent, and transform plate boundaries. The tectonics are complicated, but in this animation we attempt to look at the basic mechanics of the region. Identify major plates such as the pacific plate, north american plate, african plate and eurasian plate. For all geology and geography lovers who have vast interest in tectonic plates, try out this quiz. It is useful for geological applications, analysis and education, and should be easy to use in any modern gis. The signature of the 2011 tohoku mega earthquake on the. Using a doublepage size digital topographic map of the earth that includes both land and sea floor topography, students are asked to draw plate boundaries, deduce plate motions and interactions, and explore the connections between topography and tectonic. This resulted in generation of the japan sea and the extensional structure of the basin and range province of western north america. These convergent boundaries also occur where a plate of ocean dives, in a process called subduction, under a landmass. Tectonic plates and boundary types earth systems science.
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